How to dress for Extreme Cold (Lapland, Canada, Expeditions)?
Facing temperatures of -20°C to -40°C is not something you improvise. Whether it's for a travel to Lapland, watching the northern lights or an expedition to Canada, the secret of insulation lies in layering system (the "onion" system). For your extreme cold weather clothing, here is the winning Cimalp combination:
- Layer 1 (Second skin): Essential for keeping skin dry. You must opt for merino wool base layers with a high weight (at least 200g/m²).
- Layer 2 (Mid-layer insulation): A thick fleece that traps warm air around the body.
- Layer 3 (Outer protection): This is where survival is decided. Choose a ultra-warm expedition down jacket, combined if needed with a windproof and waterproof hardshell jacket to block the elements.
Natural Down vs Synthetic Insulation: Which to choose?
In our extreme cold range, you'll find two types of insulating materials, each meeting a specific need:
- Down (Goose or Duck): It's the unbeatable champion of the warmth-to-weight ratio. Ideal for dry cold (Lapland-type) and static situations. Look for the "Fill Power" (Cuin): the higher it is, the warmer the jacket.
- Synthetic Insulation: Less compactable than down, it has the major advantage of staying warm even when wet. The go-to choice if you're planning intense activities or a humid climate (Scotland, Iceland).
Protecting the extremities: The 30% rule
Did you know that 30% of body heat escapes through the head and extremities? An extreme cold outfit is only effective if it's complete:
- Head: A chapka or fleece-lined beanie are essential.
- Hands: Go for mittens over mittens (fingers warm each other up). For those more sensitive to cold, slip a silk glove liner underneath.
- Feet: Pair thick merino wool socks with snow boots. Don't lace your shoes too tight: air must circulate to insulate.
Lower body: How to protect your legs?
Jeans are completely off the table (they freeze and provide no insulation). For the lower body, we recommend a warm hiking trousers Softshell, worn over thermal tights. For static activities (dog sledding, ice fishing), the waterproof overtrousers is a smart addition for total wind protection.
To find out more about our travel clothing, explore our clothing for desert climate and for tropical climate.