A bivouac tent is essential for trekking. After a long day's hiking, it provides a place to rest and protection from the elements. Whilst numerous models are available, certain criteria help you choose the right bivouac tent.
Essential criteria for choosing your bivouac tent
Weight and compactness
Choosing a bivouac tent depends on its intended use. You can opt for a freestanding tent, tunnel tent or even a tarp for tentless bivouacking.
Ultra-light tents (under 1.5 kg) are ideal for trekking, but are narrow and fragile. Lightweight tents (between 1.5 and 2.5 kg) offer a good compromise between comfort and portability. Finally, standard tents (over 2.5 kg) are robust and spacious, but heavier. Ensure your tent is compressible. It must fit in or on your hiking rucksack without taking up too much space.
Size and comfort
For bivouacking, tent size depends on the number of occupants. One-person models provide just enough space to lie down. Two-person tents are ideal for one person wanting extra space or two people. Three-person tents or larger ultimately offer increased comfort, but are heavier.
Ideally, choose a tent where you can at least sit upright. A vestibule for storing your rucksack, boots and wet gear also provides valuable space.
Ventilation and waterproofness
Ventilation is important in a hiking tent. Low and high openings create natural air circulation. A double wall also improves moisture evacuation.
Waterproofness is expressed in millimetres of Schmerber. When the value exceeds 1,500 mm, the fabric is waterproof. Above 3,000 mm, it can withstand prolonged downpours. The tent floor must be more waterproof than the outer wall, ideally between 4,000 and 8,000 mm, as it experiences greater pressure.
Choosing a 3-season or 4-season trekking tent
The 3-season tent
3-season bivouac tents are the most popular. They're designed to handle relatively temperate conditions in spring, summer and autumn.
They're lightweight and compact, as well as simple to pitch. Generally, they feature large mesh panels to promote air circulation. They therefore represent a good compromise between ventilation, comfort and weight.
However, 3-season tents are less resistant to strong winds or snow. Their fabric is thin, therefore poorly insulating, their poles less robust, and they're unsuitable for high altitudes.
The 4-season tent
4-season bivouac tents are primarily designed for mountaineers. They're ideal for tackling inhospitable conditions. Their dome shape eliminates areas where snow can accumulate, and their rain fly extending to the ground reduces wind exposure.
Beyond these advantages, their structure is reinforced with solid, numerous poles. Their thick fabric also ensures better thermal insulation.
4-season tents are heavier and more complicated to pitch. They're less ventilated, which increases condensation risk, bulkier when packed and more expensive.
Practical tips for using and maintaining a tent
Assembly and disassembly
To pitch a hiking tent properly, follow a few guidelines. Look for a flat, dry and clear spot. Avoid areas exposed to wind or located in hollows where water could accumulate in rain.
Use a groundsheet to protect the tent floor and improve insulation. When assembling the structure, prevent the inner fabric from touching the outer fabric to limit condensation. Also plant pegs at 45 degrees for better hold.
When dismantling, gently shake the tent to remove dust. Remove and clean the pegs, then fold the fabric. If it's wet, store it outside the bag and dry it as soon as possible.
Maintenance after use
After each trek, clean the tent with warm water using a soft sponge. Then leave it to air-dry, without direct sun exposure. Also check the seams, eyelets and zips.
Once clean and dry, you can store the tent away from light in a dry place. Opt for storage in a fabric bag or cover to prevent premature wear.
You now know everything you need to choose the right bivouac tent. All that remains is to select a model suited to your practice and trekking habits. You'll enjoy comfortable, peaceful nights in the great outdoors.
