The Andes Mountain Range, the longest mountain chain in the world (8,000 km), spans 7 countries. There are three main zones: the Southern, Central and Northern Andes. Depending on the altitude at which you choose to trek, you will discover magnificent landscapes where unique flora has adapted to the slopes and high plateaus.
Due to the length of the range, the altitude, the exposure and the influence of Pacific Ocean currents, the Andes Mountain Range encompasses many different climate zones. To help you choose the right outfit for the conditions you'll encounter, here are a few clothing tips to make the most of your trek in the Andes.
The unpredictable climate of the Andes Mountain Range
Influenced to the west by the Pacific Ocean and to the east by a continental climate, the southern Andes experience a cool, humid climate, while in central Chile the climate is more Mediterranean. As you move towards the high plateaus, temperature swings become dramatic: the climate cools, with an average annual temperature of no more than 6°C in the Puna. While it can reach between 20 and 30°C in the sun, temperatures can drop as low as -10°C at night.
While rainfall is significant in the southern section, precipitation is rather sporadic in the central Andes.
The best time to trek in the Andes is during the dry season, from February to mid-April.
What to wear for a trek in the Andes
The layering system
During the day, the sun burns bright, while in the shade it can quickly turn cool. Always keep something to cover up within easy reach. Pack for the cold — but don't forget sun protection either.
I recommend using the layering system. That means wearing 3 layers of clothing. This lets you adapt your outfit to the temperature as you feel it.
- First layer
For your first layer, opt for breathable thermal base layers made from materials such as silk or bamboo fibre, which provide immediate thermal insulation. Bamboo fibre also has the added benefit of reducing odours.
From the CimAlp base layer range, I recommend the WARM and EXTRA-WARM base layers for those who feel the cold most, rated for use down to -30°C.
During the day, opt for T-shirts, shirts or polos with long sleeves to protect yourself from the sun.
- Second layer
For your second layer, wear a merino wool jumper if you're worried about getting cold in the evenings, or a simple warm fleece or sweatshirt to insulate yourself from the cold. Go for a zip-up style so you can open and close it as you please to regulate your temperature. Discover our models here.
- Third layer
To face the wind and any potential rain, go for a windproof jacket such as a Softshell or a highly resistant Hardshell with a waterproof membrane and fleece lining for thermal insulation.
Preparing for temperature changes
In a region where the climate is highly variable, I recommend zip-off trousers convertible into shorts — they'll come in very handy. And for adventurers heading into the jungle, wear anti-mosquito clothing for tropical hiking.
For your head, wear a warm beanie and/or a cap to protect yourself from the sun's rays and the cold, depending on the temperature.
To guard against the dangers of the sun, always carry sunscreen suited to your skin and a good pair of sunglasses — UV rays are far more harmful here than at sea level.
3 factors to consider when choosing your footwear
The weight of your hiking shoes
The lighter your shoes, the easier the walk. It is generally accepted that a heavy pair of shoes is equivalent to five extra pounds in your backpack. Manufacturers constantly work on this detail to produce lightweight products while maintaining support and technical performance requirements.
Waterproofing
Moisture is one of your biggest enemies when trekking. Here are a couple of tips to help keep your feet dry. Opt for breathable, waterproof materials. They wick moisture away while preventing water from getting inside your shoes. Go for models with bellows tongues that fully cover the top of your shoes.
Lateral rigidity
On uneven terrain, your hiking shoes should protect your feet and ankles to prevent sprains. It is best to opt for a high-cut upper suited to all terrain types. Its high lacing ensures great stability and good foot support.
- Longitudinal rigidity
It is important that the boot prevents your feet from over-flexing when you place your full weight on your toes or heel. At the same time, it must offer good longitudinal flexibility to prevent your feet from flattening under heavy pressure.
- Arch support
The shoe should support the arch of your feet so they are not flattened under heavy pressure. A curved shank is placed between the midsole and the insole to provide arch support.
Hiking socks
Hiking socks must be able to perform the same functions as regular socks, but to a higher standard. Ideally, they should minimise friction between your feet and your boots, reducing wear on both feet and lowering the risk of blisters.
They feature an extra cushioning layer for better protection against impacts, abrasions and grazes. They also protect your feet from elements that could damage them during walking, such as moisture. Socks also enable better thermal regulation by expelling excess heat and drawing moisture away from the skin's surface.
