In recent years, cross-country skiing has grown in popularity. This sport is practised using two techniques: classic and skating. Although they have much in common, they differ in several ways. Let’s look at the difference between cross-country skiing and skating.
Key takeaways:
- Classic cross-country skiing uses a diagonal stride, while skating uses a skating stride.
- Both techniques are practised on a groomed track, but the first uses pre-formed tracks while the second favours a freestyle style.
- Classic skis are longer and have an anti-backslip base, whereas skating skis are shorter and stiffer with a smooth base.
Technical differences between classic cross-country skiing and skating
Ski technique
Cross-country skiing is distinguished by its two techniques. The classic technique uses the diagonal stride, which is similar to walking. It involves placing your skis parallel, then driving your feet forwards one after the other. This stride is divided into two phases: a push-off phase and a glide phase. The arms also contribute to propulsion.
Unlike the classic technique, skating requires more power and technical skill. This discipline relies on precise coordination, while engaging the arms to support the push-off. With your legs, you need to move using a skating stride. As in ice skating, propulsion comes from a lateral push on one side and then the other. This leaves a V-shaped track.
The terrain
If you practise the classic style, you will ski on a groomed track and follow pre-formed tracks. Although the trail is relatively flat, the route may include descents and climbs. Classic cross-country skiing speed remains relatively low (averaging between 7 and 15 km/h for recreational skiers). This differs from skating, which generally ranges between 10 and 20 km/h.
Like classic cross-country skiing, skating requires a groomed track. However, it is known as “freestyle” because you ski on a wide, smooth track. You can therefore cover any trail, provided you master different variations of the skating stride (uphill stride, one-skate, combined stride, etc.). The terrain remains marked, which is a difference between cross-country skiing and ski touring. The latter is practised off-piste on natural snow.
Equipment differences between the two disciplines
Skis used for classic cross-country skiing and skating
The difference between cross-country skiing and skating also comes down to equipment. While cross-country skiing clothing is similar for both disciplines, the skis differ. In the diagonal stride, the focus is on efficient propulsion and good glide. Ski bases feature an anti-backslip zone under the foot (waxed, scaled or skin) and glide zones at the front and rear.
Unlike classic cross-country skiing, skating skis have a completely smooth base. They are stiffer, particularly torsionally, to provide lateral stability and greater power during push-offs.
Ski and pole length
The length of cross-country skis for the classic technique is greater than for skating. Skis should be around 30 cm longer than your height. Poles are shorter, however, and should measure 83 % of your height.
For skating, skis should measure between 15 and 20 cm longer than your height. Poles are longer and should measure 89 % of your height.
Bindings and boots
Classic bindings are flexible and leave your heel free to make striding easier. The boots also have a flexible sole and stop below the ankle.
Skating ski bindings are rigid and stable to give you excellent control during push-offs. The boots are also stiffer than those used for the diagonal stride. Their cuff is higher and they feature an ankle collar for support. If you practise both techniques, versatile boots are available. They offer a good compromise between the flexible sole of classic boots and the ankle support of skating boots.
The difference between classic cross-country skiing and skating therefore involves many factors. While it is not possible to try both disciplines on the same outing, each can suit your preferences. The first technique is ideal for a forest walk, while the second is better suited to an intense cardio session.
