Adopted by a huge number of outdoor activity enthusiasts, the three-layer system is a method for dressing optimally. The aim is to use a minimum of garments for maximum efficiency. This method helps wick away perspiration, maintain a comfortable temperature and protect against the elements. Let's explore which garments to wear in order to make the most of the three-layer system for hiking.
A breathable first layer
The first layer is known as the base layer, transfer layer or comfort layer. It sits directly against the skin and its purpose is to keep your skin dry. It is breathable, absorbs moisture, wicks away perspiration and prevents any feeling of cold.
When buying your base layer, you can choose between synthetic or natural fibres. Synthetic fibre garments are technically developed: they do not absorb water, regulate temperature without any feeling of cold and have the advantage of drying very quickly. They are ideal for intense effort. Natural fibre garments such as merino wool are warmer and absorb moisture well. They control odour better than synthetic garments. They are better suited to cold weather, high altitude or a multi-day trekking trip.
An insulating second layer
The second layer, which is an intermediate layer, insulates against external cold and retains body heat. Its insulating power comes from its ability to trap air within the fibres. The intermediate layer must both keep you warm and transfer moisture to the outer layer.
Hikers generally use synthetic fibre garments (fleece) or down (down jacket) as their second layer. Fleece is perfect when it's cold. It provides both warmth and good moisture wicking. It comes in several weights and adapts to every season and activity. A down jacket is also a good choice in cold, dry conditions. It has the advantage of being lightweight, packable and warm. We don't recommend taking it out in wet weather, as it loses its insulating power and takes a long time to dry.
A protective third layer
The third outer or protective layer is in contact with the outside environment. It must be both breathable, waterproof, windproof and durable enough to withstand the elements.
Investing in a technical jacket with a breathable waterproof membrane such as Gore-Tex® or similar is a great idea. As well as protecting you from the elements, your third layer allows perspiration to escape from your body. Its windproof effect helps prevent heat loss. A waterproof jacket can accompany you on all your hikes, all year round.
Adapting the three-layer system to your type of hiking
The advantage of the three-layer system is that it can be adapted according to the weather, the outside temperature and the type of hiking. For example, you can combine just the base layer and the protective layer in the case of strong wind when it is not cold. Conversely, if the weather is fine and cold but there is no wind, you can wear a base layer combined with an intermediate layer.
Some garments combine all three layers in one. A 3-in-1 jacket can be an excellent choice as it offers wind protection, moisture resistance and good thermal insulation all at once. The softshell can also be used as both a second and third layer when conditions are favourable (no heavy weather). The three-layer system in hiking is not only applicable to the upper body. It can also be used for other parts of the body such as the lower half (combining, for example, tights, hiking trousers and waterproof overtrousers). The three-layer system adapts perfectly to hiking, where the body goes through several states depending on the level of activity.
