Used by many outdoor enthusiasts, the three-layer system is a way to dress effectively. The aim is to use as few garments as possible for maximum effectiveness. It helps wick away sweat, maintain a comfortable temperature and protect you from the elements. Let’s look at what to wear to make the most of the three-layer system for hiking.
A breathable first layer
The first layer is known as the base, wicking or comfort layer. It sits against your skin and aims to keep it dry. It is breathable, draws moisture away, wicks sweat and helps prevent you from feeling cold.
When choosing a base layer, you can opt for synthetic or natural fibres. Synthetic garments have strong technical properties: they do not absorb water, help regulate temperature without leaving you feeling cold, and dry very quickly. They are ideal for intense activity. Natural fibres such as merino wool are warmer and absorb moisture well. They also limit odour build-up better than synthetics. They are better suited to cold weather, high altitudes or a few days of trekking.
A second insulating layer
The second layer, or mid-layer, insulates against the cold and retains body heat. Its insulating properties come from its ability to trap air within the fibres. A mid-layer needs to keep you warm while transferring moisture to the outer layer.
Hikers generally use synthetic fleece or a down jacket as their second layer. Fleece is ideal in cold weather: it keeps you warm while helping sweat escape. It comes in different fabric weights to suit each season and activity. A down jacket is also a good choice in cold, dry weather. It is light, packable and warm. We do not recommend taking one in wet weather, as it loses its insulating properties and takes time to dry.
A protective third layer
The third, outer layer is exposed to the elements. It needs to be breathable, waterproof, windproof and durable enough to withstand wear outdoors.
Investing in a technical jacket with a waterproof, breathable membrane such as Gore-Tex® or similar is a good idea. As well as protecting you from the weather, this outer layer lets sweat escape. Its windproof properties help prevent heat loss. A waterproof jacket can accompany you on hikes all year round.
Adapting the three-layer system to your hiking trip
The advantage of the three-layer system is that you can adapt it to the weather, the temperature and the type of hiking you are doing. For example, if it is windy but not cold, you can wear just a base layer and a protective outer layer. If it is cold but clear and calm, you can pair a base layer with a mid-layer.
Some garments combine the functions of the three-layer system. A 3-in-1 jacket can be an excellent choice, offering wind and moisture protection alongside good thermal insulation. A softshell can serve as both the second and third layer in favourable conditions, without severe weather. The three-layer system for hiking is not limited to the upper body. You can use it for your legs too, for example by combining leggings, hiking trousers and waterproof overtrousers. It works particularly well for hiking, as your body’s needs change with your activity level.
