Cross-country skiing has grown in popularity over recent years. The sport is practised using two techniques: classic and skating. While they share many common features, they differ on several points. Here's a breakdown of the difference between cross-country skiing and skating.
Key takeaways:
- Classic cross-country skiing uses a diagonal stride, while skating relies on a skating stride.
- Both techniques are practised on a groomed track, but the first uses pre-formed tracks and the second favours a free style.
- Classic skis are longer and have a grip zone underfoot, whereas skate skis are shorter and stiffer with a smooth base.
Technical differences between classic cross-country skiing and skating
Ski technique
Cross-country skiing is defined by two techniques. The classic technique is based on the diagonal stride, which resembles walking. It involves placing your skis parallel and propelling your feet forward one after the other. This stride is split into two phases: a push phase and a glide phase. The arms also play a propulsion role.
Unlike the classic technique, skating demands more power and technical skill. The discipline relies on precise coordination, with the arms actively supporting each push. For the legs, you need to move using a skating stride. Just like in ice skating, the push comes from a lateral impulse on one side then the other, leaving a V-shaped track in the snow.
Terrain
If you practise the classic style, you will ski on a groomed track and follow pre-formed tracks. Although the trail is relatively flat, the course may include descents and climbs. The speed in classic cross-country skiing remains relatively low (on average between 7 and 15 km/h for recreational skiers). This sets it apart from skating speeds, which typically range between 10 and 20 km/h.
As with classic cross-country skiing, skating requires a groomed track. It is sometimes called "free style" because you ski on a wide, smooth track. You can cover virtually any trail, provided you have mastered the different variations of the skating stride (uphill stride, single-pole stride, combination stride…). The terrain is still marked out, which is one difference between cross-country skiing and ski touring. Ski touring is carried out off-piste and on natural snow.
Equipment differences between the two disciplines
Skis used in classic cross-country skiing and skating
The difference between cross-country skiing and skating also comes down to equipment. While cross-country skiing apparel is similar for both disciplines, the skis differ. In the diagonal stride, the focus is on efficient propulsion and good glide. The ski bases feature a grip zone underfoot (waxed, fish-scale or skin) and glide zones at the front and back.
Unlike classic cross-country skiing, skate skis have a completely smooth base. They are stiffer, particularly in torsion, to give you lateral stability and greater power in your pushes.
Ski and pole sizing
The size of cross-country skis for the classic technique is longer than for skating. Your skis should be approximately 30 cm longer than your height. The poles, however, are shorter and should be 83% of your height.
For skating, your skis should measure between 15 and 20 cm more than your height. The poles are longer and should be 89% of your height.
Bindings and boots
Classic bindings are flexible and leave your heel free to facilitate the stride. The boots also have a flexible sole and stop below the ankle.
Skate ski bindings are rigid and stable to give you excellent control during each push. The boots are also stiffer than those used for the diagonal stride. The cuff is higher and features a collar to support the ankle. If you practise both techniques, note that there are versatile boots available. These offer a good compromise between the flexible sole of the classic style and the ankle support of skating.
The difference between classic cross-country skiing and skating comes down to several key factors. While it's not possible to try both disciplines on the same outing, each can suit your preferences. The first technique is ideal for a forest walk, while the second is better suited for an intense cardio session.
